Blockchain is a decentralized ledger maintained by a network of nodes that provides the world with a decentralized way to record and circulate value. However, blockchain technology is also faced with the dilemma of value islands, that is, the assets on each blockchain are limited to circulating within the blockchain network, and cannot safely and efficiently cross the network boundaries to circulate among different ledgers. This greatly restricts the application of blockchain, and is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently.

Traditional cross-chain protocols require transferring assets to an address or contract at the source chain, transmitting transaction information to the target chain through a decentralized protocol, and issuing assets by a contract or a wallet on the target chain. This solves the decentralization of information transmission, but it does not solve the problem of needing an intermediary to hold or issue assets, so it is still a centralized solution.

AstroNexus FOC is the only decentralized cross-chain technology available today. For two blockchains that fully comply with the AstroNexus FOC protocol, cross-chain is the direct transfer of assets from an address on the source chain to an address on the target chain through several transfer chains, without any intermediary or contract holding the transferred assets. It's a transfer of assets within a unified ledger, so it's completely decentralized and absolutely secure.

For blockchains such as BTC and ETH that do not support AstroNexus FOC, a Layer2 that supports FOC can be deployed. For cross-chain transfers, users need to transfer assets to a multi-signature wallet managed by miners. However, the miners are required to provide pledges and the pledges are managed in a decentralized manner. Therefore, the security of the AstroNexus cross-chain is equivalent to that of a fully decentralized approach to cross-chain! A fully decentralized cross-chain solution requires contract assets to be managed by miners, which requires a smart contract model that is differenrt from EVM, and currently the only one that can do this is AstroNexus. This is why traditional cross-chain protocols are less secure. The problem is not with the cross-chain protocols, but with the way the ledger is managed.

AstroNexus provides breakthrough solutions in terms of security, efficiency and decentralization of cross-chain asset circulation. Through a series of technological innovations, it creates a secure, decentralized cross-chain and multi-chain interactive ecosystems, providing a technological foundation for the future large-scale application of blockchain in multiple industries.